stab moved by cables from ALT TRIM to 2 PCUs in the tail (HYD system C & R). In some newer aircraft models, the quest for reduced weight and the associated fuel savings has led designers to replace most of the mechanical components with computers and fiber optics to produce control systems which are referred to as Fly-By-Wire. Final mode without PFCS: Manual: available with full ELEC power failure, but requires HYD power. In larger and faster aircraft, the aerodynamic forces become too great for the pilot to overcome without assistance so hydraulic systems are often incorporated to move the flight control surface. Digital systems were first used in the Airbus 310 where digital computers controlled flight control surfaces. In this design, a collection of mechanical components such as cables, pulleys, rods and chains transmit the movement of the flight deck controls to the appropriate control surface(s). With the introduction of the Concorde, the use of electronic systems (with mechanical backups) to manipulate the hydraulic controls used to fly by wire started the revolution on flight control. The most basic flight control systems are mechanical and, although they date back to the earliest aircraft types, are in use in the majority of light, general aviation aircraft. The hydraulic circuit, which has hydraulic pumps, reservoirs, filters, pipes, valves and actuators. Like the mechanical flight control system, it consists of rods, cables and pulleys. The ailerons control motion around the longitudinal axis (roll), the elevator controls rotation around the lateral axis (pitch) and the rudder controls movement around the vertical axis (yaw). A hydro-mechanical flight control system has two parts: The mechanical circuit, which links the cockpit controls with the hydraulic circuits. Movement of any of the primary flight controls causes the aircraft to rotate around the axis of rotation associated with the control surface. Secondary flight controls are intended to improve the aircraft performance characteristics or to relieve excessive control loading, and consist of high lift devices such as slats and flaps as well as flight spoilers and trim systems.ī727 Flight Control Surfaces. ![]() Primary flight controls are required to safely control an aircraft during flight and consist of ailerons, elevators (or, in some installations, stabilator) and rudder. ![]() Manual systems back up their redundant hydraulic flight-control systems. Aircraft flight controls are the means by which a pilot controls the direction and attitude of an aircraft in flight.įlight control systems are subdivided into what are referred to as primary and secondary flight controls. The A-10C Thunderbolt II is the first Air Force aircraft specially designed for.
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